izindaba

Ama-tanneries ajwayele ukuhlotshaniswa nephunga lesimo "elithandekayo" le-sulfide ", elibangelwa ukugxila okuphansi kwe-sulfhydric gesi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hydrogen sulfide. Amazinga aphansi njengoba u-0.2 PPM wama-H2s asevele ayengemnandi kubantu kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-20 ppm akubekezeleleki. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-tanneries angaphoqeleka ukuthi avale ukusebenza kwe-beamouse noma aphoqelelwa ukuthi aphinde athole kude nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi.
Njengoba i-beamouse kanye nokushunqa kuvame ukwenziwa endaweni efanayo, empeleni kunephunga lenkinga encane. Ngamaphutha abantu, lokhu kuhlale kubambe ingozi yokuxuba i-acidic intanta ne-sulfide equkethe i-beamouse ukuntanta kanye nokukhipha amanani aphezulu ama-H2S. Ezingeni elingama-500 ppm wonke ama-receptors e-olfactory avinjelwe kanye negesi, ayabonakala futhi aveze amaminithi angama-30 aphumela ekudalukeni okusongela impilo. Eqoqweni elingu-5 000 ppm (0.5%), ubuthi buyabizwa ngokuthi umoya owodwa kwanele ukudala ukufa ngokushesha ngemizuzwana.
Naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinkinga nezingozi, i-tulphide bekulokhu ikhemikhali elikhethwayo lokungavikeli isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Lokhu kungabikwa ngezindlela ezingatholakali ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo: Ukusetshenziswa kwama-sulphides we-organic kukhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka kube kungenzeka kodwa amukelwe ngempela ngenxa yezindleko ezengeziwe ezihilelekile. Ukungasebenzi kuphela ngama-enzyme aProtelytic naseKeratolytic azamile kaninginingi kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhetha kwakunzima ukuzijwayeza ukulawula. Umsebenzi omningi ubuye watshalwa ku-oxidative ngokungasebenzi, kodwa kuze kube namuhla kukhawulelwe kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwawo njengoba kunzima ukuthola imiphumela engaguquki.

Inqubo engavikeli

I-Covington ibale inani elidingekayo le-sodium sulphide yebanga lezimboni (60-70%) ngenqubo yokushisa yezinwele ukuze ibe ngu-0.6% kuphela, isihlobo sokufihla isisindo. Empeleni, amanani ajwayelekile aqashwe ngenqubo ethembekile aphakeme kakhulu, okungukuthi 2-3%. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu iqiniso lokuthi izinga lokungavikeleli liye ngokuya ngokuhlushwa kwama-bheli aseSulphide (S2-) entantayo. Amampunge amafushane ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-sulphide. Noma kunjalo ukunciphisa amazinga we-sulphide athinta kabi ukususwa kwezinwele okuphelele kufreyimu eyamukelekayo.
Uma kubhekwa kakhulu ukuthi izinga lokungavikeleki lincike ekuqoqweni kwamakhemikhali aqashiwe, kusobala ukuthi kuhlushwa okuphezulu okudingeka kakhulu endaweni yokuhlaselwa kwenqubo ethile. Enqubweni yokushiswa kwezinwele, leli phuzu lokuhlaselwa yiKeratin ye-Cortex yezinwele, edonswa yi-sulphide ngenxa yokuqhekeka phansi kwamabhuloho aseCystine.
Ngenqubo ephephile yezinwele, lapho i-keratin ivikelwe khona isinyathelo sokugonywa, iphuzu lokuhlaselwa ikakhulukazi kwe-protein ye-bulb yezinwele etholwa ngama-alkaline noma ngama-enzymetic ama-protelytic, uma ekhona. Iphuzu lokuhlaselwa lesibili nalokulingana ne-Pre-Keratin elakhiwe ngenhla kwenwele yezinwele; Ingadilizwa yi-protelytic hydrolysis ehlanganiswe nomphumela we-keratolytic we-sulphide.
Noma ngabe iyiphi inqubo esetshenziselwa ukungasebenzi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi la maphuzu okuhlasela atholakala kalula kumakhemikhali enqubo, avumela ukugcwaliseka okuphezulu kwendawo okuzovulwa okuphezulu kokungavikeleli. Lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi uma ukufinyelela okulula kwamakhemikhali enqubo esebenzayo (i-lime, i-sulphide, enzyme njll) ezindaweni ezibalulekile zinganikezwa, kuzokwazi ukusebenzisa amanani aphansi kakhulu walamakhemikhali.

Ukugcoba kuyisici esibalulekile sokungasebenzi kahle

Onke amakhemikhali aqashwe kwinqubo engavikeli ama-soluble wamanzi ancibilikayo namanzi yinqubo ephakathi nendawo. Ngakho-ke i-grease kungubugovu wemvelo enciphisa ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali angavikeli. Ukususwa kwamafutha kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwenqubo engenakuvinjwa elandelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, isisekelo sokungavikeleli okusebenzayo ngokunikezwa okuncishisiwe kakhulu kwamakhemikhali kudingeka ukuthi kubekwe esinyathelweni sokulungiswa.
I-Target iyinhlangano ehlekisayo yezinwele kanye nenhlamvu yokufihla kanye nokususwa kwamafutha e-sebaceous. Ngakolunye uhlangothi umuntu kufanele agweme ukususa amafutha amaningi kakhulu ngokuvamile, ikakhulukazi enyameni, ngoba imvamisa akunakwenzeka ukuyigcina nge-emulsion kanye nokufakelwa kwamafutha kuzoba umphumela. Lokhu kuholela ebusweni obunamafutha kunokuba kube "owomile" owufunayo, olimaza ukusebenza kwenqubo engasebenzi.
Ngenkathi ukususwa okukhethiwe kwamafutha okuvela ezintweni ezithile zenhlaka ezicashile kuyabaveza ekuhlaselweni okulandelayo kwamakhemikhali angavikeleli, ezinye izingxenye zesikhumba zingavikelwa kuyo ngasikhathi sinye. Isipiliyoni sibonisa ukuthi ukufakwa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline ezinikezwe yizinhlanganisela zomhlaba-alkali ekugcineni ziphumela ezimpandeni ngokugcwala okuthuthukile kwama-flanks nama-ball kanye nendawo ephakeme. Kuze kube manje ayikho incazelo ephelele yaleliqiniso elifakazelwe kahle, kepha izibalo zokuhlaziya zibonisa ukuthi ngempela i-Earth Alkaline iphumela ekusakazeni okuhlukile kwezikhumba ngaphakathi kwesikhumba ngokuqhathaniswa nokuthambisa nge-soda ash.
Ngenkathi umphumela wokuhlanza nge-soda umfaniswano impela, usebenzisa i-alkalina ye-Earth ephumela ekuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezinamafutha ezindaweni ezihlelekile ezihlelekile ze-pelt, ie emaflethini. Ukuthi ngabe lokhu kungenxa yokususwa okukhethiwe kwamafutha avela kwezinye izingxenye noma ukubekwa kabusha kwezinto ezinamafutha akunakushiwo ngalesi sikhathi. Noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu esiqondile, umphumela onenzuzo wokusika isivuno awunakuphikwa.
I-ejenti entsha ekhethwayo isebenzisa imiphumela echaziwe; Inikeza izimo zangaphambi kahle kwezimpande ezinhle zezinwele nokususwa kwezinwele okuhle ngokuncipha kokunikezwa kwe-sulphide, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kulondolozela ubuqotho bezinsimbi namaflanks.

I-sulphide exymatic ethosiwe etholwa ngokungavikeli

Ngemuva kokuthi i-Fihla ilungiselelwe kahle ekufakweni, ukungasebenzi kahle kutholakala ngempumelelo nenqubo esebenzisa inhlanganisela yokwakheka kweprotheni ye-enzymatic kanye nomphumela we-keratolytic we-sulphide. Kodwa-ke, ngenqubo ephephile yezinwele, ukunikezwa kwe-sulphide manje kungancishiswa kakhulu kumazinga we-1% ahlobene nokufihla isisindo ku-Bigger Bovine Hides. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuyekethisa maqondana nezinga kanye nokusebenza kahle kokungavikeleli noma ukuhlanzeka kwe-pelt. Ukunikezwa okuphansi kuphumela emazingeni ancishiswe kakhulu we-sulphide ku-liming float kanye nesikhumba (kuzokhipha ama-h2s amancane ngokuncipha nokukhanyisa!). Ngisho nenqubo yokushiswa kwezinwele zendabuko ingenziwa ngokunikezwa okufanayo okuphansi kwe-sulphide.
Ngaphandle komphumela we-keratolytic we-sulphide, i-protelytic hydrolysis ihlala idingeka ngokungavikeleli. Isibani sezinwele, esiqukethe amaprotheni, kanye ne-pre-keratin esendaweni engenhla kudinga ukuhlaselwa. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-alkalinity futhi ngokuzikhethela futhi ngama-evyelytic enzyme.
I-Collagen ithambekele kakhudlwana ku-hydrolysis kune-keratin, nangemva kwalokho i-lime ye-collagen yendabuko iguqulwe ngamakhemikhali ngakho-ke iba nozwela ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuvukala kwe-alkaline nakho kwenza ithambeke ekulimaleni ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, kuphephe kakhulu ukufeza ukuhlaselwa kweProtenelytic nge-hair bulb kanye pre-keratin e-PH ephansi ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-lime.
Lokhu kungatholwa ngokwakheka okungasebenzi kahle kwamaprotheni Esikhathini esijwayelekile senqubo yokukhawulela ezungeze 13, umsebenzi uphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-pelt ayikavezwa kangako ukonakala kwe-hydrolytic lapho isesimweni salo esibucayi kakhulu.

I-sulphide ephansi, inqubo ephansi ye-lime hair ephephile

I-ejenti ethokozisayo evikela izindawo ezihlelekile ze-Fihla kanye nokwakheka okungasebenzi okungekho emthethweni okwenziwayo ku-High Converning Convertional ngezimo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ukuthola ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yesikhumba. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo olusha olungavikelekile luvumela ukuncishiswa okukhulu kokunikezwa kwe-sulphide, ngisho nasezinhlelweni ezishisayo zezinwele. Kepha izinzuzo eziphakeme kakhulu ziyatholakala uma isetshenziswa kwinqubo ephephile yezinwele. Imiphumela ehlanganisiwe yokufaka okusebenza kahle kanye nomphumela weprotheni okhethekile we-enzyme ekhethekile ngenxa yokungathembeki okuthembekile ngaphandle kwezinkinga zezinwele ezinhle nezinwele ezithuthukisiwe ze-pelt.

Uhlelo luthuthukisa ukuvulwa kwesikhumba okuholela kwisikhumba esithambile uma kunganxephezelwe ukuncishiswa kwesinikezeli se-lime. Lokhu, ngokuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwezinwele ngesihlungi, kuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-sludge.

Ukugcina

I-sulfide ephansi, inqubo ephansi ye-lime ene-epidermis enhle, izimpande zezinwele nokususwa kwezinwele ezinhle kungenzeka ngokulungiswa okufanele kwesikhumba ekufakweni. I-enzymatic auxiliary ekhethiwe ingasetshenziswa ngokungavikeli ngaphandle kokuthinta ubuqotho bokusanhlamvu, izisu namaflanks.
Ukuhlanganisa zombili imikhiqizo, ubuchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezilandelayo ngendlela yendabuko yokusebenza:

- Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe
- Iphunga elincane kakhulu le-obnoxious
- Umthwalo oncishisiwe kakhulu emvelweni - i-sulphide, nitrogen, cod, sludge
- Kwenzelwe isivuno esiguqukayo futhi esiguqukayo ekuletheni, ukusika kanye nekhwalithi yesikhumba
- Izindleko eziphansi zamakhemikhali, inqubo kanye nemfucuza